Bitzer uses three constituents when describing a rhetorical situation. They are as follows; Exigence, Audience, and Constraints.
The first constitute, Exigence, exemplifies something in which cant’ be avoided. Examples involving exigence include, an obstacle, urgency, or a defect. Writers often use exigence in the first steps of their writing. Writers usually use it to describe or help them discover their main topic of what they are writing about. Bitzer uses examples such as, Racism, Air pollution, Abortion, and Reproductive rights to show more of what exigence really is.
The second constitute, Audience, exemplifies who in which the article or story is aimed towards. The audience as Bitzer explains is the “Common Ground,” when inventing or writing a story, it is open to change and is necessary. The audience however has barely and effect on the work. An audience however can be many things, such as, a vacuum. A vacuum is aimed towards people, which makes people the audience.
The third constitute, Constraints, which are according to Bitzer are anything ranging from people to events. Usually the terms, Pathos, Logos, and Ethos are involved in the constitute, “Constraints.” Pathos involve emotion, where as Logos involves logic, and Ethos involves character or credibility. Constraints affect the rhetorical exigence which generally affects the audience, considering the type of audience a piece of work is aimed towards is based soley upon exigence.
I think that Bitzer did a fairly well job of explaining the three constitutes and providing examples of each of them. Overall, I enjoyed reading this article and can truly say I have a much better understanding of these terms than I did before.
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